MA Management Accounting

PROCESS COSTING – PART 1

PROCESS COSTING
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In entities mass production involving, it is difficult to calculate on base of individual units, so to make issues simple costs are accounted  making processes or departments as base. Let suppose a  product is transformed in final shape after passing three departments A,B,C. materials , labor  and FOH are will be accounted for department A, after they will be moved to department B and accounted for in department B and similarly to department C, from where they are finally ready as final product  for sale

COST PER UNIT =

COST PER UNIT - PORCESS COSTING

Process costing is a costing method which is applicable in industries producing homogenous products in large quantities. The purpose of process costing is a typical one for example stock valuation
Products are homogeneous that’s why production takes place in large quantities. Production is continuous (2 or
more processes are involved in product manufacturing. For example, oil refining, paper making and chemical
manufacturing, etc

Work‐In‐Progress: There might be some incomplete products at the end of the period, they are called work in progress units. Work in progress might not be complete with respect to all the cost so equivalent units should be calculated.
Normal Loss: During production process, some units might get lost, and if the loss is not more than the expected loss then it is called as Normal Loss.
Abnormal Loss: If the actual loss is more than the expected loss then the excess loss is called as Abnormal Loss of the process. It arises when actual output from a process is less than the expected output.
Abnormal Gain: If the actual output greater than the expected output, then the extra units produced are called as Abnormal Gain. It is the amount by which actual loss is less than the expected loss

 

Each process cost is measure through a process account

Debit the Process Account with each cost incurred
Credit the Process Account with the unit cost previously calculated

Process Account

Units $ Units $
Opening W‐I‐P X XX Finished goods X XX
Direct Material X XX Closing W‐I‐P X XX
Direct Labour XX Normal Loss X XX
Factory Overheads XX By‐product X XX
Abnormal Gain X XX Abnormal Loss X XX
Total XX XX Total XX XXX

 

 

Process I (dept. A)

QTY $ 00 QTY $00
 

Direct material

Direct labour

Overheads

Direct Expenses

 

ABNORMAL GAIN

 

 

NORMAL LOSS

ABNORMAL LOSS

 

 

Output transferred to process I

 

Process II(dept. B)

QTY $000 QTY $000
 

Transferred from process I

Direct material

Direct labour

Overheads

 

 

ABNORMAL GAIN

 

 

NORMAL LOSS

ABNORMAL LOSS

 

 

Output transferred to process II

 

 

 

Process I (dept A)

 

Transferred from process II

Direct material

Direct labour

Overheads

 

 

ABNORMAL GAIN

 

 

NORMAL LOSS

ABNORMAL LOSS

 

 

Finished goods

 

 

NORMAL LOSS/GAIN Account

 

 

Process I

Process I

Process III

 

 

Abnormal loss

 

 

 

 

 

X

X

X

 

 

X

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of scrap

Abnormal gain

 

 

 

X

X

XX XX

PROCESS COSTING – PART 2

PROCESS COSTING – PART 3